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APCO members proudly ‘Stepping up for bone health’ on World Osteoporosis Day 2022

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Last Thursday, October 20, 2022, members of the Asia Pacific Consortium on Osteoporosis (APCO) celebrated World Osteoporosis Day (WOD). This annual, global campaign, coordinated by the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), aims to raise much needed awareness for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis and fragility fractures.

The theme of this year’s WOD was Step Up for Bone Health’. It was fabulous to see our many APCO members working proactively to raise awareness of the importance of early detection, and treatment of osteoporosis. This is particularly crucial in the Asia Pacific region, where over the next two decades, a staggering 319 million people aged 50 years and over are projected to be at high risk of osteoporotic fracture due to the rapidly ageing population, mounting urbanisation, and subsequent increase in sedentary lifestyles.

In addition, more than 50 per cent of the world’s hip fractures are expected to occur in this vast and heterogenous region, currently home to 4.5 billion people by the year 2050. WOD therefore, provides a strong platform to raise awareness of this important public health cause.

Keep reading to learn how our some of our APCO members representing 20 countries and regions throughout the Asia Pacific, celebrated this important occasion – namely Australia, China, India, Pakistan and Singapore.

AUSTRALIA

In the lead up to WOD 2022, Healthy Bones Australia hosted a special event to mark its 21st anniversary of championing bone health. The organisation’s CEO, and APCO Executive Committee member, Mr Greg Lyubomirsky, said “Our 21st anniversary allows us to reflect with pride on our many remarkable achievements to date.”

The event was attended by key Healthy Bones Australia representatives, consumer advocates, clinicians, and representatives from stakeholder organisations and corporate supporters.

According to Healthy Bones Australia Chair, Professor Peter Ebeling, AO, “As recently as 20 years ago, bone health was a largely overlooked, and untreated area. Osteoporosis is now however, recognised as an important chronic disease, and a health priority in Australia.”

Healthy Bones Australia Patron, Ms Helen Dalley, thanked the organisation’s loyal supporters, and explained that while there have been many successes, there still remains much more work ahead.

At the event, Mr Lyubomirsky announced that Healthy Bones Australia will partner with an Australian company to validate a new diagnostic tool for osteoporosis, following a decade of research. Known as ‘OssView’, the diagnostic tool is a compact, high-resolution CT scan with specific bone fragility software which examines the support structure of the bone.

Supporting innovation in diagnostics to aid diagnosis is one of the five main goals for Healthy Bones Australia over the next five years, including the expansion of fracture liaison services (FLS), and updating clinical guidelines.

As a longstanding member of the IOF, Healthy Bones Australia supported the WOD 2002 theme by promoting the five steps message widely to the community, and urging consumers to self-assess their risk with their online diagnostic tool – Know Your Bones.

CHINESE TAIPEI

In conjunction with this year’s WOD, the TOA celebrated its 25th anniversary by publishing a 25-year report on Osteoporosis in Chinese Taipei, and hosting a national press conference.

To coincide with this year’s WOD theme, the association encouraged the early screening for osteoporosis. Goodwill Ambassador for Osteoporosis, and Director of Chinese Taipei’s Ming Huayuan Theatre Troupe, Sun Cuifeng urged the community to “Not wait until a fracture occurs to know that you have osteoporosis!”

According to epidemiological data published in the 25-year report, in the Asia Pacific region, Chines Taipei ranks first in the incidence of osteoporotic hip with one hip fracture occurring almost every half an hour. In view of this, improving the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis has become a top priority.

The TOA has reason to celebrate its 25th anniversary, given their remarkable achievements to date. According to the National Health Insurance Database, the incidence of hip fractures among women in Chinese Taipei dropped from 350 per 100,000 people in 2008, to less than 300 per 100,000 people in 2015 largely due to the work done by the TOA increasing awareness of the disease.

Chairman of the TOA, Dr Huang Zhaoshan, called on people living with high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high blood lipids, and low bone density to undertake a bone mineral density (BMD) examination as soon as possible, particularly women aged 65+, and men aged over 70 years.

The Chairman explained the organisation would continue to strive to reduce the incidence of osteoporotic fractures, and to create healthier lives for the older population of Chinese Taipei.

INDIA

On WOD, The Indian Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ISBMR) held a virtual meeting for doctors in collaboration with the IOF, during which clinicians addressed the audience and participated in a panel discussion.

IOF Chairman and Professor of Rheumatology and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Southampton, Dr Nicholas Harvey, UK, delivered a presentation on the ‘Algorithm for Management of Patients at High Risk of Fracture’. Also, Medical Director and Chief of Spine Services, Indian Spinal Centre, Dr Harvinder Singh Chhabra, Delhi, presented on the long-term treatment of osteoporosis.

Chairman and Head of Endocrinology, Max Healthcare, and APCO member, Professor Ambrish Mithal, Saket, New Delhi, moderated the subsequent panel discussion with key clinicians and CardioMetabolic Specialist, Dr Hemant Thacker, Mumbai, where they discussed the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

To mark WOD in Chandigarh, India, the Department of Endocrinology at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) conducted two extensive media campaigns. The first campaign centred around raising awareness of osteoporosis, while the second featured the release of a new book for people living with osteoporosis.

On October 18, 2022, PGIMER held a press conference to raise community awareness of osteoporosis, and the risks associated with sustaining fractures in later life, which received strong media coverage.

Two days later, on WOD, the PGIMER staged an osteoporosis awareness campaign at its new premises, which was attended by nearly 150 people, including physicians, Department representatives, people living with osteoporosis, and their families. Spearheaded by APCO Executive Committee member, and Head of the Department of Endocrinology at PGIMER, Professor Sanjay Kumar Bhadada, Chandigarh, the attendee doctors discussed osteoporosis, its magnitude, symptoms, screening, and various treatment options available. Furthermore, all participants were given a free booklet entitled, ‘Osteoporosis-Karan and Nibaran’, highlighting the daily activities involved in the prevention and management of osteoporosis.

PAKISTAN

From October 19-21, 2022, the Bone & Mineral Diseases Research Group at Aga Khan University and Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, celebrated WOD with much zeal and enthusiasm. The two-day event strove to raise awareness, and to educate the community and healthcare professionals about osteoporosis. A variety of activities were coordinated, including Facebook live sessions, media relations, blog posts and reels leveraged via the Group’s website.

Of particular importance was the Facebook live session on October 19, which aimed to increase community understanding of osteoporosis and joint health, particularly issues relating to geriatric bone health, and the importance of monitoring bone health in those aged over 50 years, and post-menopausal women. The session further explored the long-term consequences of untreated osteoporosis – namely bone fractures and chronic back pain.

Another win for the Group was the publication of an article – ‘Step Up for Bone Health’ – in Pakistan’s national newspaper, written by Aga Khan Karachi Rheumatology Consultant,
Dr Mehmood Riaz, focusing on the prevalence of osteoporosis and fragility fractures worldwide.

On October 21, the Group also staged a case-based discussion forum under the theme,
‘Bone and Mineral Matters’. Various fragility fracture cases were discussed, and researchers further identified problems with patient recruitment and behaviours towards geriatric bone health. A number of solutions for moving forward were also proposed.

PHILIPPINES

To celebrate WOD in the Philippines this year, the Department of Orthopaedics at the University of the Philippines, Manila, is planning to host an event tomorrow (October 28) under the theme – ‘Multidisciplinary fragility fracture and osteoporosis care: exploring ways to face the challenges.’

The event will feature both live, and streamed talks from local and international speakers. Clinicians from different sub-specialties, such as Orthopaedics, Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation Medicine, Family Medicine, as well as other allied healthcare professionals, including nurses and physiotherapists, will attend the event. A special forum for patients will also precede formal presentations on the day.

This year’s WOD activities will once again, be performed in collaboration with the Fragility Fracture Network (FFN)-Philippines and the Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) Orthogeriatric and Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) team. 

SINGAPORE

This year, the Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolism Unit at the Singapore General Hospital had an early start to their WOD celebrations at their 15th annual Public Forum on Osteoporosis, held on October 8, 2022.

Representing the first face-to-face event for the organisation in more than two years, the event was eagerly anticipated by the Singaporean community, with a sold-out attendance of nearly 200 people.

The audience loved the forum’s interactive sessions, including a lecture on the ‘Silent disease’ which is ‘more likely to break your bones than sticks and stones’, vibrant physiotherapy and yoga sessions on achieving optimum bone health, and a Bone Diet session that provided valuable information on feeding one’s bones well. The session concluded with the attendees creating a ‘Bone Tree of Life’ featuring positive, healthy bone-related messages, and valuable knowledge they had acquired from the forum.

A delicious afternoon tea was catered by Dignity Kitchen – a project that empowers differently abled individuals through workplace training in the food and beverage industry. The food was not only enjoyed by all, but also served to emphasise the importance of following a diet rich in bone-building nutrients.

The Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolism Unit was proud of its ongoing commitment to raising community awareness of osteoporosis, and supporting the IOF in its global efforts to reduce the burden of the disease, and fragility fractures.

Every year, WOD provides an opportunity for APCO members to come together, to raise awareness of this important cause, and to celebrate their many achievements to date. It is heartening to see the different cultural approaches and executions in celebrating this global health initiative across our member nations and regions.

To learn more about APCO’s commitment to developing tangible solutions to the substantive challenges involving osteoporosis management and fracture prevention in the most populated and fastest growing region of the world, head to:  apcobonehealth.org and follow us on LinkedIn.

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Low Calcium Intake

Reference 1: This review examined calcium intake among adults around the world and found that many populations do not consume enough calcium to support good bone health. The authors highlight that low calcium intake is particularly common in many Asian countries, where average intakes are often well below recommended levels. Because calcium is essential for building and maintaining strong bones, inadequate intake may increase the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. The study emphasises the importance of promoting calcium rich foods and other practical ways to help people meet their daily calcium needs.

Citation: Balk EM, Adam GP, Langberg VN, et al. “Global dietary calcium intake among adults: a systematic review.” Osteoporos Int. 2017 Dec;28(12):3315-3324. doi: 10.1007/s00198-017-4230-x. Epub 2017 Oct 12. Erratum in: Osteoporos Int. 2018 May;29(5):1223. doi: 10.1007/s00198-018-4447-3. PMID: 29026938; PMCID: PMC5684325.


Reference 2: This review explores the important role of calcium in maintaining healthy bones throughout life. The authors explain that adequate calcium intake helps build and maintain bone strength, while long term low intake may contribute to bone loss and increase the risk of fractures. The paper also discusses the importance of obtaining calcium from a balanced diet, with supplements considered when dietary intake is insufficient. Overall, the review reinforces that meeting daily calcium needs is an important part of supporting lifelong bone health.

Citation: Cormick G, Belizan JM. “Calcium Intake and Health.” Nutrients. 2019 Jul 15;11(7):1606. doi: 10.3390/nu11071606. PMID: 31311164; PMCID: PMC6683260.


Reference 3: This review explores how common calcium deficiency is around the world and the impact it can have on health. The authors explain that many people do not consume enough calcium, particularly in low and middle income countries, increasing the risk of poor bone health and fractures. The paper highlights the importance of consuming enough calcium throughout life to help build and maintain strong bones. It also emphasises the need for practical strategies, such as improving access to calcium rich foods, fortified foods, and nutrition education, to help people meet their daily calcium needs.

Citation: Shlisky J, Mandlik R, Askari S, et al. “Calcium deficiency worldwide: prevalence of inadequate intakes and associated health outcomes.” Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2022 Jun;1512(1):10-28. doi: 10.1111/nyas.14758. Epub 2022 Mar 5. PMID: 35247225; PMCID: PMC9311836.

High Sodium Intake

Reference 1: This review explored whether eating too much salt affects bone health in postmenopausal women. The authors found that while high salt intake may increase calcium loss from the body, there is currently not enough high quality evidence to clearly determine its long term effects on bone mineral density or fracture risk. The paper highlights the need for more research to better understand this relationship. In the meantime, following general recommendations to limit excessive salt intake remains an important part of maintaining overall health.

Citation: Imash D, Gusmanov A, Chan MY. “High salt intake and bone health in postmenopausal women: exposing the lack of studies – a systematic review and meta-analysis.” Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025 Nov 19;16:1694539. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2025.1694539. PMID: 41347127; PMCID: PMC12672310.


Reference 2: This study explored whether salt intake was linked to bone health in postmenopausal women in southern India. The authors found that women who consumed more salt were more likely to have weaker bones, poorer bone structure, osteoporosis, and vertebral fractures. These findings suggest that excessive salt intake may be associated with poorer bone health in this population. The study adds to growing evidence that a balanced diet, including limiting excess salt, may help support healthy bones.

Citation: John R, Cherian KE, Kapoor N, et al. “Excess dietary salt is associated with an altered bone strain index, degraded bone microarchitecture, vertebral fractures, and increased prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women – A study from a teaching hospital in southern India.” Aging Med (Milton). 2024 Oct 10;7(5):606-613. doi: 10.1002/agm2.12360. PMID: 39507226; PMCID: PMC11535168.

Lower Protein Intake Among Older Adults

Reference 1: This review explored how protein intake and regular exercise can help slow the progression of age-related muscle loss in older adults living in the community. The authors found that combining adequate protein with strength or resistance exercise was more effective than either approach alone in helping to maintain muscle strength and physical function. The paper highlights that preserving muscle health is important for reducing the risk of falls, fractures, and loss of independence. It also reinforces the value of healthy lifestyle habits in supporting active and healthy ageing.

Citation: Li L, He Y, Jin N, Li H, Liu X. “Effects of protein supplementation and exercise on delaying sarcopenia progression in Asian community-dwelling older adults.” Food Chem X. 2022 Jan 20;13:100210. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100210. PMID: 35128383; PMCID: PMC8808080.


Reference 2: This consensus paper encourages a broader focus on maintaining muscle health throughout life rather than only identifying or treating sarcopenia after it develops. The authors explain that healthy muscles are essential for mobility, balance, independence, and overall wellbeing, especially as people age. The paper highlights the importance of regular physical activity, good nutrition, and early action to help preserve muscle strength and function. It also encourages healthcare professionals and the public to view muscle health as an important part of healthy ageing alongside bone health.

Citation: Chen LK, Hsiao FY, Akishita M, et al. “A focus shift from sarcopenia to muscle health in the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2025 Consensus Update.” Nat Aging. 2025 Nov;5(11):2164-2175. doi: 10.1038/s43587-025-01004-y. Epub 2025 Nov 4. PMID: 41188603.

High Prevalence of Lactose Intolerance

Reference 1: This review explores how lactose intolerance may affect bone health. The authors explain that people who avoid dairy because of lactose intolerance may miss out on important nutrients, particularly calcium, if these nutrients are not replaced from other foods. The paper highlights that getting enough calcium is important for maintaining strong bones and reducing the risk of fractures. It also emphasises that there are many ways to meet calcium needs, including lactose free dairy products and other calcium rich foods.

Citation: Hodges JK, Cao S, Cladis DP, Weaver CM. “Lactose Intolerance and Bone Health: The Challenge of Ensuring Adequate Calcium Intake.” Nutrients. 2019 Mar 28;11(4):718. doi: 10.3390/nu11040718. PMID: 30925689; PMCID: PMC6521087.


Reference 2: This review explores whether drinking milk can help support bone health in Asian populations, particularly those at higher risk of osteoporosis. The authors highlight that many people in Asia consume less milk than recommended, which may contribute to lower calcium intake and poorer bone health. The paper explains that milk provides important nutrients for strong bones and discusses practical options for people who cannot tolerate regular milk, such as lactose free milk and yoghurt. Overall, the review suggests that finding suitable ways to include dairy or alternative calcium rich foods in the diet may help support lifelong bone health.

Citation: Jiao H, Xu Y, Zhang Y, et al. “Is it advisable for Asians to drink milk, especially those at risk of osteoporosis?” Front Nutr. 2025 Jun 25;12:1586623. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1586623. PMID: 40635901; PMCID: PMC12239142.


Reference 3: This review explores ways to protect bone health in populations where calcium and vitamin D intake is often too low. The authors explain that getting enough of these nutrients is essential for building and maintaining strong bones, yet deficiencies remain common in many parts of the world. The paper highlights that healthy eating, safe sun exposure, regular physical activity, and, where needed, fortified foods or supplements can all help support bone health. It also emphasises the importance of public health efforts to improve awareness and make nutritious foods more accessible, particularly for people at greater risk of osteoporosis.

Citation: Yeum KJ, Ju S, Choe U. “Strategies for preventing bone loss in populations with inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake.” Nutr Res Pract. 2025 Apr;19(2):155-169. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2025.19.2.155. Epub 2025 Mar 13. PMID: 40226767; PMCID: PMC11982687.

Vitamin D Deficiency Despite Sunshine

Reference 1: This review examined how common vitamin D deficiency is around the world and found that it remains a widespread public health concern. The authors explain that many people do not get enough vitamin D because of factors such as limited sun exposure, diet, and lifestyle. As vitamin D plays an important role in maintaining strong bones and muscles, low levels may increase the risk of poor bone health. The study highlights the importance of improving awareness and ensuring people have adequate vitamin D through safe sun exposure, diet, fortified foods, or supplements when needed.

Citation: Cui A, Zhang T, Xiao P, Fan Z, Wang H, Zhuang Y. “Global and regional prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in population-based studies from 2000 to 2022: A pooled analysis of 7.9 million participants.” Front Nutr. 2023 Mar 17;10:1070808. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1070808. PMID: 37006940; PMCID: PMC10064807.


Reference 2: This review examined vitamin D levels among adults living in South Asia and found that vitamin D deficiency is very common across the region. The authors explain that factors such as limited sun exposure, lifestyle, skin pigmentation, and diet may all contribute to low vitamin D levels. Because vitamin D is essential for maintaining healthy bones and muscles, addressing this deficiency is an important part of supporting lifelong bone health. The study highlights the need for greater awareness and practical strategies to help people achieve adequate vitamin D levels.

Citation: Siddiqee MH, Bhattacharjee B, Siddiqi UR, MeshbahurRahman M. “High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among the South Asian adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” BMC Public Health. 2021 Oct 9;21(1):1823. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-11888-1. PMID: 34627207; PMCID: PMC8501935.

Vegetarian and Plant-Based Diets

Reference 1: This review explores how vegetarian diets may affect bone health. The authors explain that while well planned vegetarian diets can provide many health benefits, they may also be lower in important nutrients such as calcium, vitamin D, protein, and vitamin B12 if not carefully balanced. The paper highlights that these nutrients play an important role in maintaining strong bones and reducing the risk of fractures. It also emphasises that people following vegetarian diets can support their bone health by choosing a varied, nutrient-rich diet and including fortified foods or supplements when needed.

Citation: Falchetti A, Cavati G, Valenti R, et al. “The effects of vegetarian diets on bone health: A literature review.” Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Aug 5;13:899375. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.899375. PMID: 35992115; PMCID: PMC9388819.


Reference 2: This review examines how vegetarian diets may influence bone mineral density, a measure of bone strength. The authors explain that people following vegetarian diets may have lower bone mineral density if they do not consume enough nutrients that are important for healthy bones, such as calcium, vitamin D, and protein. However, the paper also highlights that a well planned vegetarian diet can support good bone health when these nutritional needs are met. The review emphasises the importance of choosing a balanced diet to help maintain strong bones throughout life.

Citation: Chuang TL, Lin CH, Wang YF. “Effects of vegetarian diet on bone mineral density.” Tzu Chi Med J. 2020 Sep 16;33(2):128-134. doi: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_84_20. PMID: 33912409; PMCID: PMC8059457.


Reference 3: This review examined how vegan and vegetarian diets may affect bone mineral density and fracture risk. The authors found that people following plant based diets, particularly vegan diets, may have lower bone mineral density and a higher risk of fractures if they do not get enough nutrients that support bone health. The paper highlights the importance of consuming adequate calcium, vitamin D, protein, and other key nutrients when following a plant based diet. It also emphasises that well planned vegetarian and vegan diets can support healthy bones when nutritional needs are carefully met.

Citation: Iguacel I, Miguel-Berges ML, Gomez-Bruton A, Moreno LA, Julian C. “Veganism, vegetarianism, bone mineral density, and fracture risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.” Nutr Rev. 2019 Jan 1;77(1):1-18. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy045. PMID: 30376075.

I Think I Might Be at Risk of Osteoporosis

Why should I ask?

Osteoporosis is often called the “silent disease” because there are usually no symptoms until a fracture occurs. If you have risk factors, it is important to discuss your bone health before a fracture happens. Some common risk factors include but not limited to: Family history, Smoking, Alcohol, Low Body Weight, Age and Previous Falls.

Questions to ask your Doctor

1Am I at risk of osteoporosis?
2Should I have a bone health assessment?
3Should I have a DXA scan?
4What are my personal risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures?
5Are any of my medications affecting my bone health?
6What lifestyle changes can help protect my bones?

I am experiencing Height Loss, Stooped Posture, or Bone Pain

Why should I ask?

Losing height, developing a stooped posture or experiencing persistent back pain may not simply be part of ageing. These symptoms can sometimes be caused by vertebral fractures that happen without a major injury.

Questions to ask your Doctor

1Could my symptoms be caused by osteoporosis?
2Should I have spinal imaging or a VFA?
3Could I have had a spinal fracture without realising it?
4What treatments are available if I have vertebral fractures?
5How can I reduce my risk of future fractures?

I have Risk Factors but my DXA Scan was Normal

Why should I ask?

A normal bone density result does not always mean your bones are healthy. Some people may still be at increased fracture risk because of other risk factors or underlying conditions that affect bone quality.

Questions to ask your Doctor

1Does a normal DXA scan mean I cannot have osteoporosis?
2Why am I still at risk of fractures?
3Should my fracture risk be assessed using other tools?
4Are there additional tests I should have?
5How often should my bone health be reviewed?

I am worried about being on an Osteoporosis Medication

Why should I ask?

Many people are concerned about possible side effects of osteoporosis medicines. Understanding both the benefits and risks can help you make an informed decision with your doctor.

Questions to ask your Doctor

1Why are you recommending this medication?
2What are the common side effects?
3How common are the serious side effects?
4What happens if I decide not to take treatment?
5Are there other treatment options that may be suitable for me?

I am going through Menopause

Why should I ask?

Bone loss accelerates during and after menopause because of declining oestrogen levels. Acting early can help maintain bone strength and reduce future fracture risk.

Questions to ask your Doctor

1Does menopause increase my risk of osteoporosis?
2Should I have a DXA scan?
3Am I getting enough calcium and vitamin D?
4Would hormone therapy or another treatment benefit me?
5What lifestyle changes can help protect my bones?

I Have Another Medical Condition That May Affect My Bones

Why should I ask?

Some medical conditions can weaken bones, affect bone quality or interfere with the body’s ability to absorb important nutrients. Others may increase your risk of falls and thus fractures. These include diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disease, kidney disease, celiac disease among others.

Questions to ask your Doctor

1Does my medical condition increase my risk of osteoporosis or fractures?
2Should I have a DXA scan or other bone health tests?
3Are there treatments that can help protect my bones?
4Do I need to see a bone specialist?
5How often should my bone health be monitored?

I take Long-Term Medicines

Why should I ask?

Some medicines can reduce bone strength or increase fracture risk, particularly if they are taken over a long period. Your doctor can help determine whether you need additional monitoring or treatment.

Questions to ask your Doctor

1Could this medication affect my bones?
2Should I have a DXA scan?
3Do I need calcium or vitamin D supplements?
4Should I take medication to help protect my bones?
5How often should my bone health be reviewed while taking this medication?

I am Falling More Often and am Worried about my Balance

Why should I ask?

Most fragility fractures occur after a fall. Identifying the causes of falls and improving balance and strength can significantly reduce your fracture risk.

Questions to ask your Doctor

1Why might I be falling more often?
2Could my medications be contributing?
3Should my vision or hearing be checked?
4Would physiotherapy or balance training help?
5Can I be referred to a falls prevention programme?

I am an Older Man

Why should I ask?

Although osteoporosis is often thought of as a women’s disease, men can also develop osteoporosis and experience serious fractures. Unfortunately, osteoporosis in men is frequently under-recognised and underdiagnosed.

Questions to ask your Doctor

1Can men develop osteoporosis?
2Should I have a bone density test?
3What are my personal risk factors?
4Do I need treatment to reduce my fracture risk?
5Are there lifestyle changes I should make?

My Blood Tests show Low Vitamin D and/or Low Calcium

Why should I ask?

Vitamin D and calcium play essential roles in maintaining healthy bones. Low levels may contribute to bone loss and increase the risk of fractures if left untreated.

Questions to ask your Doctor

1What may have caused my low vitamin D and/or calcium levels?
2Do I need supplements?
3How much calcium and vitamin D should I be taking?
4Should my levels be checked again?
5Are there other tests needed to identify the underlying cause of my my low vitamin D and/or calcium levels?